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It examines overarching issues, such as data management, robotics, optimization, artificial intelligence, and systems engineering. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

This also connects to applications of various technologies, like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtualization. Redefining Space Commerce: The Move Toward Servitization discusses the advantages of this shift (e.g., cost reduction, increased access to space for smaller organizations and countries), as well as the challenges, such as maintaining safety and security, establishing standardization and regulation, and managing risks.

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Smagorinsky model is sued to simulate the induction-compression processes of a motored engine within a cycle. A diesel engine constructed with swirl-generating port and dish-type combustion chamber is used as the model engine. For high Reynolds number flow, the wall-function fitted to generalized curvilinear coordinate is proposed in this paper in order to overcome the over-fine grids arrangement near wall region. In order to restrain the non-physical pressure oscillation, which is the fatal drawback in co-located grids layout used in the present study, the odd-even pressure coupling mode is developed. LES results are compared with PIV experiment. The most important result is that the curves of swirl number and turbulence intensity against crank angle are obtained. Swirl velocity is formed by tangent designed port, but is strengthened by the impingement of discharge onto piston surface.